Abstract
Instruction scheduling hardware can be simplified and easily pipelined if pairs of dependent instructions are fused so they share a single instruction scheduling slot. We study an implementation of the x86 ISA that dynamically translates x86 code to an underlying ISA that supports instruction fusing. A microarchitecture that is co-designed with the fused instruction set completes the implementation. In this paper, we focus on the dynamic binary translator for such a co-designed x86 virtual machine. The dynamic binary translator first cracks x86 instructions belonging to hot superblocks into RISC-style micro-operations, and then uses heuristics to fuse together pairs of dependent micro-operations. Experimental results with SPEC2000 integer benchmarks demonstrate that: (1) the fused ISA with dynamic binary translation reduces the number of scheduling decisions by about 30% versus a conventional implementation that uses hardware cracking into RISC micro-operations; (2) an instruction scheduling slot needs only hold two source register fields even though it may hold two instructions; (3) translations generated in the proposed ISA consume about 30% less storage than a corresponding fixed-length RISC-style ISA.