Fortified-Grid 3.0: Security by Design for Smart Grid through Hardware Security Primitives

Traditional approaches to adding security measures and retrofitting them onto existing smart grid systems, have security flaw and vulnerability. Considering security from the beginning, potential vulnerabilities and risks can be identified and addressed early in the smart grid design process, leading to more robust and secure solutions. $S$bD involves incorporating security considerations and features into the design and architecture of a system rather than adding them as an afterthought. This paper provides an extensive overview of hardware security and trust, examining threats, countermeasures, and design tools. Fortified-Grid 3.0 introduces the latest advancements in hardware security research, aiming to inspire hardware designers and smart grid developers to embrace the challenges and opportunities of integrating additional security measures into robust hardware design, testing, and verification. This paper also discusses security by design in smart grids, focusing on primitives like PUF and TPM. Our paper addresses various challenges, presents solutions, and conducts comparative analyses of prevalent Security-by-Design approaches.